| 张文娟,夏英兰,孙子瑜,汪佳琪,吴育红.2型糖尿病患者营养素养影响因素的质性研究[J].上海护理,2024,24(12): |
| 2型糖尿病患者营养素养影响因素的质性研究 |
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| 投稿时间：2024-03-28 修订日期：2024-11-28 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 2型糖尿病 营养素养 质性研究 |
| 英文关键词:type 2 diabetes nutritional literacy qualitative study |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 摘要：目的 了解2型糖尿病患者营养素养状态及阻碍因素，为制订我国2型糖尿病患者群体的营养素养提升策略提供参考。 方法 2023年3－10月，采用目的抽样法选取杭州市某医院内分泌科住院的13例2型糖尿病患者作为研究对象。通过面对面的方式对其进行半结构访谈，采用Colaizzi七步法对访谈资料进行整理和分析。结果 针对2型糖尿病患者营养素养阻碍因素共提炼出4个主题，11个亚主题。认知因素（膳食营养管理信念欠佳、缺乏深入了解营养知识的意愿、膳食营养风险意识缺乏）；知识和技能因素（缺乏营养知识、缺乏饮食调整相关技能、营养问题应对技能较差）；营养信息互动因素（信息主动获取途径较少、感知周围支持资源不足、营养信息的利用、转化易受影响）；营养信息批判因素（营养信息难以鉴别、选择性接受营养信息）。 结论 2型糖尿病患者普遍存在营养素养不足的问题，膳食营养认知、营养知识与技能、营养信息的互动与批判能力是其影响因素。医护人员应不断强化患者营养管理信念，完善患者营养知识体系，重视患者互动性、批判性营养信息能力的提升，加快营养专科护士的培养，构建2型糖尿病多病共存患者营养管理方案，助力其更好地管理自身疾病、改善健康状况、提高生活质量。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Abstract: Objective To understand the nutrition literacy status and hindrance factors of patients with type 2 diabetes, so as to provide a reference for formulating strategies for improving the nutrition literacy of patients with type 2 diabetes in China. Methods From March to October 2023, 13 patients with type 2 diabetes who were hospitalized in the endocrinology department of a hospital in Hangzhou were selected as the study subjects by purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face, and the Colaizzi seven-step method was used to organize and analyze the interview data. Results A total of 4 themes and 11 sub-themes were extracted for the hindrance factors of nutrition literacy in patients with type 2 diabetes:cognitive factors(poor belief of dietary nutrition management,lack of willingness to gain insight into nutrition knowledge,lack of dietary nutrition risk awareness);knowledge and skills factors(lack of nutrition knowledge, lack of skills related to diet adjustment, poor skills to deal with nutrition problems); interactive factors of nutrition information(fewer ways to actively obtain information,perceived insufficient surrounding support resources,the use and transformation of nutrition information are easily influenced);critical factors of nutrition information(difficult to identify nutrition information,selectively accept nutrition information). Conclusion Nutrition literacy deficiencies are common among patients with type 2 diabetes, and nutrition cognition, nutrition knowledge and skills, and interactive and critical nutrition information ability are the influencing factors. Healthcare professionals should continuously strengthen patients' nutrition management beliefs, improve patients' nutrition knowledge system, emphasize the improvement of patients' interactive and critical nutrition information ability, accelerate the training of nutrition specialist nurses, and build nutrition management program for patients with type 2 diabetes with multimorbidity to help them better manage their disease, improve their health outcomes, and enhance their quality of life. |
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