| 刘媛,高建芳,常青.天津市安宁疗护护士共情能力的潜在剖面分析及共情疲劳差异比较[J].上海护理,2026,26(3): |
| 天津市安宁疗护护士共情能力的潜在剖面分析及共情疲劳差异比较 |
| Latent Profile Analysis of Empathy and Comparison of Empathy Fatigue among Nurses in Hospice Care in Tianjin |
| 投稿时间：2025-03-19 修订日期：2026-03-06 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 安宁疗护 护士 共情能力 共情疲劳 潜在剖面分析 护理管理 |
| 英文关键词:hospice care nurses empathy empathy fatigue latent profile analysis nursing management |
| 基金项目:天津市医学重点学科建设项目（TJYXZDXK-3-003A）； |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 目的 了解安宁疗护护士共情能力现状及潜在剖面，分析不同剖面的影响因素，并进一步探讨其与共情疲劳的关系。方法 2024年3月至5月，采用便利抽样法，选取天津市从事安宁疗护护理相关工作≥6个月的318名安宁疗护护士作为研究对象，采用一般资料调查表、心理弹性量表、职业认同评定量表、安宁疗护护士共情能力量表、共情疲劳量表进行问卷调查。采用Mplus 8.3软件进行潜在剖面分析，SPSS25.0软件进行单因素分析、多元logistic回归和不同剖面组间差异性比较。结果 最终识别出3个共情能力的潜在类别，分别为低共情能力-行为型（11.01%），中共情能力-常规型（60.79%）和高共情能力-情感型（28.20%）。多元Logistic回归分析显示，工作年限、平均月收入、心理弹性、职业认同是不同类别安宁疗护护士共情能力的影响因素（P＜0.05）。处于不同共情能力类别的安宁疗护护士共情疲劳得分具有显著差异性（P＜0.05）。结论 安宁疗护护士共情能力存在3个潜在剖面，呈群体异质性。护理管理者应基于安宁疗护护士不同类别特征开展针对性干预，降低其共情疲劳水平。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Objective To understand the current status and latent profiles of empathy among nurses in hospice care, analyze influencing factors among different profiles, and further explore their relationship with empathy fatigue. Methods From March to May 2024, a convenience sampling method was used to select 318 nurses with at least 6 months of experience in hospice care in Tianjin as research subjects. A questionnaire survey was conducted using the general information questionnaire, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale, Professional Identity Rating Scale, Empathy Ability Scale for Hospice Nurse, and Empathy Fatigue Scale. Latent profile analysis was performed using Mplus 8.3 software, and SPSS 25.0 software was used for univariate analysis, multiple logistic regression, and comparison of differences among different profile groups. Results Three latent categories of empathy were ultimately identified: low empathy-behavioral type (11.01%), moderate empathy-conventional type (60.79%), and high empathy-emotional type (28.20%). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that work experience, average monthly income, psychological resilience, and professional identity are influencing factors of empathy among hospice care nurses (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in empathy fatigue scores among hospice care nurses of different empathy categories (P < 0.05). Conclusion There are three latent profiles of empathy among hospice care nurses, showing group heterogeneity. Nursing managers should carry out targeted intervention aiming at characteristics of varied empathy categories, so as to lessen nurses’ empathy fatigue. |
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